Nama Suami Tertera di Belakang Nama Istri, Ini Penjelasan Islam

Di Negara kita telah dikenal menyebut nama suami di belakang nama istri. Seperti misalnya Tien Soeharto, Ani Yudoyono dan sebagainya, bahkan nama-nama ibu nyai di Pesantren juga menyertakan nama suami, bukan nama orang tuanya.

Haramkah yang demikian? Jika melihat pada fatwa-fatwa ulama Salafi-wahabi dan diikuti para pengikut copy pastenya langsung memvonis haram.

Karena dianggap mengganti nasab dari orang tuanya ke suaminya. Dalil yang dibawakan adalah hadis berikut:

ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺫﺭ ﺭﺿﻲ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ، ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻤﻊ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ، ﻳﻘﻮﻝ: «ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ اﺩﻋﻰ ﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ – ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ – ﺇﻻ ﻛﻔﺮ، ﻭﻣﻦ اﺩﻋﻰ ﻗﻮﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ، ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮﺃ ﻣﻘﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺭ» رواه البخاري

Dari Abu Dzar bahwa Nabi bersabda: “Tidak ada seseorang yang mengaku nasab kepada selain bapaknya -sementara ia mengetahuinya- kecuali ia telah kufur. Barang siapa yang mengaku-ngaku nasab kepada suatu kaum yang ia bukan bagian dari kaum tersebut maka hendaknya ia mengambil tempat di neraka” (HR al-Bukhari).

Hadisnya memang sahih, namun pemahamannya yang perlu disahihkan. Sebab yang dimaksud dalam hadis di atas disampaikan oleh Amirul Mu’minin fil Hadis, al-Hafidz Ibnu Hajar, yang bermadzhab asy-Syafiiyah yang mengutip dari ulama ahli hadis lainnya:

ﻭﺇﻧﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﺮاﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺪا ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭا ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻭﻳﺼﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ اﺩﻋﻮﻫﻢ ﻵﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ {ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺃﺩﻋﻴﺎءﻛﻢ ﺃﺑﻨﺎءﻛﻢ} ﻓﻨﺴﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ

“Yang dimaksud dalam hadis ini adalah orang yang berpindah dari nasab bapaknya ke nasab selain bapaknya secara sadar, sengaja dan tidak dipaksa. Mereka di zaman Jahiliyah tidak mengingkari penisbatan seorang anak kepada orang lain. Dan seorang anak dinasabkan kepada orang tua adopsi, hingga Allah berfirman: “Panggilah mereka (anak-anak angkat itu) dengan (memakai) nama bapak-bapak mereka..” (Al-‘Ahzab :5) dan ayat: ” … Dia tidak menjadikan anak-anak angkatmu sebagai anak kandungmu (sendiri)” (Al-‘Ahzab: 4). Maka mereka menasabkan anaknya kepada orang tua aslinya…”

Imam Ibnu Hajar membuktikan dengan masih ditemukannya Sahabat Nabi yang masih memakai nasab orang tua adopsinya:

ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭا ﺑﻤﻦ ﺗﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻴﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻘﺼﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻻ ﻟﻘﺼﺪ اﻟﻨﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﻤﻘﺪاﺩ ﺑﻦ اﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻟﻴﺲ اﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﻭاﺳﻢ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺛﻌﻠﺒﺔ

“Namun masih ada sebagian Sahabat yang sudah populer dengan nama bapak adopsinya dan dipanggil dengan nama tersebut untuk tujuan lebih dikenal, bukan untuk tujuan nasab secara hakikat, seperti Miqdad bin Aswad. Nama Aswad ini bukanlah bapaknya, namun sebagai bapak adopsinya. Nama bapaknya yang asli adalah Umar bin Tsa’labah” (Fath al-Bari Syarah Sahih al-Bukhari 12/55)

Dengan alasan “Li Ta’rif” (dikenal) inilah Mufti Mesir, Dr. Ali Jum’ah membolehkan menyebut nama suami di belakang nama istri.

Sebab kita tahu, misalnya dalam penyertaan nama di atas bukan untuk menjadikan istri sebagai anak nasab pada suaminya, karena tidak menggunakan semisal kalimat Tien Binti Soeharto, Ani Binti Yudoyono.

Namun mengenalkan bahwa Tien adalah istri Soeharto, Ani adalah istri Yudoyono dan sebagainya.

Oleh: Ma’ruf Khozin
Anggota PW LBM NU Jatim

Sumber: bincangsyariah.com

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